Building a Global Criminal Justice System at the Domestic Level

The Joined Up Justice project is a 5 year research project funded by the European Research Council (ERC-advanced grant). This 5 year project aims to develop parameters for a coordinated system of global justice at the domestic level. The prosecution of foreign nationals who have committed international crimes (war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide) outside the territory of the forum state (the state that tries these crimes), is the focus of the project.  

While the project’s focus is on international criminal law (ICL), international refugee law (IRL) is the starting point; it is the metaphorical canary in the coal mine that flags up questions at the heart of ICL. Many of the domestic prosecutions of international crimes  are asylum and migration related and call for a joined up and coordinated system of justice where there is a clear focus on who should be prosecuted. To date, no such system exists. 

This comes with problems. First, article 1F(a) of the Refugee Convention, the so-called exclusion clause, stipulates that those who are suspected of having committed international crimes are undeserving of protection and should be prosecuted. But there is no uniform understanding of ‘undeserving’. At the same time, ICL lacks an overarching policy of who is 'deserving' of prosecution. Many excluded asylum claimants remain unprosecuted and exist in a legal limbo. 

Second, asylum related prosecutions have a distorting effect. It comes with a focus on low-level and ‘low cost’ defendants (from weak countries). 

Third, ad hoc prosecutorial decision-making premised on asylum applications hampers developing a long-term approach to the enforcement of international criminal law. 

Through empirical research in eight countries (Australia, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, France and The Netherlands) and comprehensive case-analysis the project will, among other things, map who is ‘deserving’ of prosecution. It will also clarify the scope of ‘undeserving’ and draw the line between criminal complicity and non-criminal association, addressing the ICL-IRL mismatch that leaves many in limbo. It will result in a proposal for a system of ‘jurisdiction allocation’ based on subsidiarity and burden-sharing plus a resettlement proposal premised on a ‘right to start again’.  

News & Updates

Recent Publication:

Elies van Sliedregt, ‘The Future of International Criminal Justice is Corporate’ in the Journal of International Criminal Justice (16 March 2025)

The article explores the evolving recognition of corporate liability within international criminal law (ICL), traditionally centred on individual criminal responsibility. It underscores the involvement of multinational corporations in international crimes, human rights abuse and environmental harm. The article examines domestic and international legal frameworks, including the Malabo Protocol, which explicitly incorporates corporate liability for core international crimes and transnational crimes. It contrasts nominalist and organizational models of corporate liability and addresses conceptual challenges such as corporate intent and agency. The article advocates for integrating corporate liability into ICL responses to atrocity crimes, emphasizing its potential to bridge the Global North-South asymmetry in liability and provide equitable justice.

Find the article here.

Upcoming event:

Workshop on Gender in International Criminal Law and Refugee Law

Date: Friday 11th April 2025

Location: Tilburg Campus

More information can be found here.