This project conducts research on lower-level perpetrator and de minimas (minimal) contributions to international crimes. In drawing the outer limits of criminal conduct, research is focused primarily on those on the fringes of an organization or in lower positions who did not commit crimes con amore. On the basis of case analysis, a typology of criminal ‘complicity at the lower end’ will be developed. The aim is to come up with a model of complicity that captures liability of foot soldiers/lower level culprits.  

Researcher: William Fortin